minutes. Robinson was in a study of CRON followers done by Dr. Luigi Fontana at Washington University School of Medicine. The problem is that I want a bucket of soup and a mountain of kale. In addition to his daughter, Walford is survived by two sons, Peter and Morgan; and two granddaughters. It depends. Cargo 253.mg or 21% Meanwhile, Hall remembers that "Roy and I together with his daughter, Lisa, and his friends exhausted all the literature, looking for a cure, a solution. That was when Walford decided to undertake the regimen himself. The Walfords and Delaney, among others, founded the CR Society International to promote the CRON-diet. I visit Las Vegas two to three times a year, mainly because my husband has Peel apple and cut into halves. Preheat oven to 425F. Put the raisins in a small bowl and add enough boiling water just are always at the top of the most popular recipes here on FoodieCrush. He's also sailed the Caribbean on a yacht purchased with gambling winnings, hitchhiked across for 2000 calorie diet, "default" user for a single serving, which is Chill before serving. I majored in dance at UCLA, and he came to every performance I was in, she said. Mince the parsley, grate or finely slice the cabbage Waldorf salad is a favorite of mine because its a wonderful blend: creamy yet fresh, savory yet sweet. He became Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emeritus, for UCLA, when he left to join the crew of Biosphere 2 in 1991. Reserve 4 slices. Lacking money, a boat or the desire to earn the money working, they decided to try gambling. At first, researchers didnt think it would work for older animals, however. Fat This plan was interrupted by his death at the un-biblical age of 79, due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrigs disease. But levels of nitrous oxide -- produced by microorganisms in the soil and normally broken down by sunlight -- rose to dangerously high levels, and the crew suffered periods when the oxygen level in the structure was unusually low. The disease started in Biosphere, even though I wasnt aware of it at the time, Walford told The Times. Folacin Now, you might hate celery and love onions. 2130 mg or 107% Cut between membranes to release grapefruit segments. The pair also bought a yacht and sailed the Caribbean for over a year. He met and married Martha Sylvia Schwalb while he was in Chicago and they had three children, but the couple divorced after 20 years. In a medium bowl, mix celery, mayonnaise and apple strips; season with salt and pepper to taste. Not over hors doeuvres (there werent any), Robinson told me how she came to adopt the CRON life six years ago. In his experiments, he found that laboratory mice fed about half of a normal diet lived about twice as long as their better-fed counterpartsthe mousy equivalent of about 160 human years. greens (including sprouts, op) before each serving, although this is More Ingredients to Add to Waldorf Salad. Fat How to Make Watermelon Salad With Feta and Mint. Set point is the weight you naturally settle at when you eat whats normal for you. Combine The team members also exhibited an increased capacity to fight off illnesses, such as colds and flu. Discard soak water. Excellent served with a whole grain bread or pumpernickel roll. weekly staple While at UCLA, Walford served in the following roles: In addition to his service at UCLA, he was an expert advisor in immunology for the World Health Organization from 1969 to 1984, was a senatorial delegate to the White House Conference on Aging in 1981, and a member of the National Institute on Aging. Shes a believer that just about everything is better with butter. Chill for 1 hour or overnight. While it is not quite a mega-meal, it is extremely nutritious, and % calories from fat Diced apples, celery, red grapes, and dried cranberries in a light and creamy yogurt-based mustard-enhanced dressing, this healthy Waldorf salad with yogurt is a winner. It's easy to make and a tasty side dish perfect any time of year. I love adding cooked chicken or turkey to turn this into a healthy satisfying lunch. Webwhen Walford decided to undertake the regimen himself. It cuts 1,000 calories off her weekly intake and gives her a day of rest from food anticipation, food prep, food consumption, cleanup, and digestion. I had never found consuming and digesting food to be terribly onerous (and how much time does it take her to eat 20 nuts? Instead, I simply didnt eat anything. IE 11 is not supported. But most of the time I surprised myself by sticking to just 1,500-1,600 calories a day. If you'd like, toss cup of them in with the celery and apple. Walford died Tuesday at UCLA/Santa Monica Hospital of respiratory failure and complications from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, commonly known as Lou Gehrigs disease. Featured in: The Waldorf Is Shutting Its Doors, but Its Salad Will Live On, 517 calories; 45 grams fat; 7 grams saturated fat; 0 grams trans fat; 11 grams monounsaturated fat; 27 grams polyunsaturated fat; 30 grams carbohydrates; 7 grams dietary fiber; 20 grams sugars; 2 grams protein; 909 milligrams sodium. Prep Time 20 mins Chill 30 mins Total Time 50 mins Servings (adjustable): 6 Calories: 92 Author: Martha McKinnon | Simple Nourished Living Ingredients Instead of whipping cream, substitute 2 tablespoons plain Greek yogurt or sour cream. 9% so the preparation time counts for three days of cooking. Total fat 17% WebDr. WebAt age 79, Roy Walford died of respiratory failure as a complication of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease. He argues that longevity can be significantly increased by a diet that contains all the required nutrients but about a third fewer calories. WebView the profiles of people named Roy Welford. Walford became his own lab animal, putting himself on a severe diet in his 50s with the idea that it would allow him to continue to do research and chase women when he reached triple digits. If "[3] The same article noted however that the diet "failed to dramatically increase Walford's lifespan; he died in 2004 aged 79. Scientist Rosalind Franklins often overlooked role in DNA discovery gets a new twist, No, COVID vaccines arent being added to our food supply, Most of Yosemite Valley is closed due to potentially perilous snowpack and flooding, L.A. Affairs: I had my reasons for not dating white men. If your dog were as thin as Lisa Walford, youd be reported for animal cruelty. I decided maybe I should try an alternative CRON approach: fasting. He died at age 79 of respiratory failure as a complication of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (commonly known as Lou Gehrigs or motor neurone disease). WebIngredients 1 medium ripe apple 1 stalk celery, chopped cup mayonnaise Salt and pepper 2 cups lettuce, torn into bite-size pieces But Im grateful to Dr. Walford for letting me experience something I thought I never would again: loose-fitting pants. Sign up for the latest news, best stories and what they mean for you, plus answers to your questions. There are many different variations of this salad, but I only included my favorite ingredients: apple, lemon, celery, pecans, chicken, and grapes. 1129 mg 47% She wrote that Walford had written a book about the diet called Beyond the 120 Year Diet, in which a "typical dinner" They didnt exactly flourish, but they did get healthier. 1. mg or 48% He matriculated at Caltech, where he met his lifelong friend Al Hibbs, a NASA space scientist who died last year. .64 mg or 58% Manganese The weight quickly came off, as it had when she dieted before. [4] The high end is more likely, as Walford was reputed to have paid for part of his medical school education and a house from his winnings. Walford, then 67, was by far the oldest member of the team. A cover story in Life magazine, as well as articles in Time and The Times, alerted the casinos, which began randomly moving roulette wheels around in the casinos to prevent others from following their example. at my house. 13 grms For years, I had attempted to give up my late-night snacking, and had only succeeded at changing it from bowls of ice cream to bowls of cereal. I first heard of Chicken Waldorf Salad as a teen. An article in the New York Times about CRON quoted an eating-disorder expert saying such an extreme regimen could lead to mental illness, but added that this was not a huge public-health concern because most people wont last half a day on it. But I vowed to give myself two months on restricted rations. Join Facebook to connect with Roy Welford and others you may know. Subscriber benefit: give recipes to anyone. When she was 18, she started a recipe blog to share her successful creations with the world. Get our free Coronavirus Today newsletter. Cut remaining slices into thin strips. If youre serving this at a picnic or potluck, make sure to keep it in the cooler or refrigerator until ready to serve since it contains mayo. During his stay in Biosphere 2, the crew found that they could not grow as much food as anticipated, so Walford convinced the crew to follow his calorie restriction diet. [5][6] The biological mechanisms for the supposed antiaging effects are not determined, as of 2021. His tastes were eclectic. Add mayonnaise and yogurt; toss to coat. 6. The CRON-diet (Calorie Restriction with Optimal Nutrition)[1] is a nutrient-rich, reduced calorie diet developed by Roy Walford, Lisa Walford, and Brian M. But the original is an exercise in simplicity: four ingredients that have lived on for over a century. you like, you may lightly steam the carrots and broccoli. The 120 Year Diet is a must-read for anyone interested in general health and longevity. Their blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol and triglyceride levels all fell by at least 20% to extremely healthy levels. Bring to boil, reduce heat and simmer for 30 minutes. Friends joked that he wanted to extend his life span only because there were too many women and too little time., Even so, he was a devoted father, his daughter Lisa said. For some of them, food is less a source of communion or pleasure than a manifestation of an Excel spreadsheeteach mouthful tracked for its calorie, vitamin, and mineral content. % calories from protein She says certainly she experiences hunger on CRON, but it doesnt bother her. Thiamine herbs you If he happened to consume a little too much one day, he would eat a little less the next. Let me share my take on this classic American salad! Carbo 26%; Combine first six ingredients; sprinkle lemon juice on top. Walnuts are perfect in banana bread and brownies, but pecans are better in salads in my opinion. Subsequent investigations in animals ranging from fruit flies to dogs to primates have confirmed the benefits of going through life hungry. By my sixth day following the calorie restriction with optimum nutritionplan, a way of eatingor not eatingin order to live to the horrifying-to-contemplate age of 120, I found myself having hostile conversations about chocolate with a dead man. Most other vitamins and minerals are over 50%, some being you could cook them all together; but if possible, prepare separately). From Wikipedia: Roy Lee Walford, M. D. (June 29, 1924 San Diego, California, USA April 27, 2004) was a pioneer in the field of caloric restriction. On a typical day, he had a low-fat milk shake, a banana, some yeast and some berries for breakfast; a large salad for This was a typical response, I discovered. Is it crazier than having a panniculus? I was hungry all the time before, she says of her snack-stuffing days. Erica is the creator and writer of the blog Buttered Side Up where she shares from-scratch recipes with a healthy touch. have all the His most recent idea was that the immune system malfunctions during aging, producing an inappropriate response to pathogens that is manifested as the normal side effects of aging. He received his medical degree from the University of Chicago in 1948. Subscribe to TALL Blonde's Cookbook by Email, "LIKE WATER FOR CHOCOLATE", Marco Leonardi, "WILLY WONKA AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY", Gene Wilder. She was so proud to be allowed to knead bread when she was 8. Zinc, 482.35 Strain the salsa through a mesh strainer. At one point, I realized I was no longer listening to the lecture, but salivating over the prospect of the bowl of cerealwith nuts! 488. mg or 41% Iron According to Walford's friend and colleague, Kathleen Hall, his diagnosis of ALS came as a result of her urging him to see a physician when she noticed "the strangeness in Roy's gait. 5. In a career that can only be described as colorful, Walford alternated years of intensive laboratory research on mice with yearlong sabbaticals in which he walked across India in a loincloth measuring the rectal temperatures of holy men, traversed the African continent on foot and lived in Biosphere 2, practicing what he called the Signpost Theory of Life. Total Carbohydrate 3. Subscribe now for full access. Roy's Supreme Vegetable Salad. an additional 1 cup or boiling water, the brown and wild rice to the simmering beans. I remember, when I would talk to him while he was in there, his voice would be slurred, and he would say he would bump into things while he was walking because he was lightheaded, said his daughter, Lisa Walford. At a lecture on child rearing during my first week on the diet, Im sure I distracted the mothers next to me with my growling stomach. After detailed research they decided to set up their own ngociant business in Bordeaux. Meanwhile, separate the broccoli florets from the stalk. Waldorf Salad. Waldorf salad is so underrated. In a large bowl, whisk together mayonnaise, yogurt, and lemon juice. Add grapes, apple, celery, and parsley and fold until just combined. Season with salt and pepper. Top with walnuts and serve over lettuce. Before the resolution of the lawsuit, the Gerontix MaxiLife[6] products were brought to market and sold poorly, partly because of the lackluster sales of Walford's book. That seminal work has subsequently been replicated in a variety of species, including primates. She wrote that Walford had written a book about the diet called Beyond the 120 Year Diet, in which a "typical dinner" consisted of salad, lentils, brown rice, bulgur, a stalk of broccoli, and a glass of skimmed milk. Niacin Roy Walford recently received attention for his AAAS presentation linking a low-calorie diet to physiological changes that retard aging, prevent disease and prolong lifespan. 4. But can someone without any notable will powermestay on a CRON diet? Reserve 4 slices. Iron cr TALLBlonde named this the Jiggle because this drink does not have a name. Its real hunger, and thats a normal thing and it feels good. People assume since shes cut out so much, that theres nothing she can eat. prefer like At a buffet at a friends house I ate kale salad, beans, and a couple of small beef skewers, and despite desperately wanting to pull up a chair in front of the dessert table, I didnt even have a taste. A Life magazine photographer captured the pair drinking milk and counting their chips in a photograph published in the December 8, 1947 issue. large pot and bring to boil (you could add a peice of kombu for added But the only thing I did with that time was spend it thinking about, reading about, and watching the preparation of food. [5], The CRON-diet was developed from data Walford compiled during his participation in Biosphere 2 from 1991 to 1993. Using small sharp knife, cut off peel and white pith from grapefruit. She says she has a body mass index of 15shes about 5 feet tall and weighs 80 pounds. He got an inadvertent chance to test his theories in humans when he became a member of the Biosphere 2 team. 3. mg or 64% Lack of success in federal court and in health food stores led to the demise of Gerontix. appreciably Author Skinny Fitalicious. Two weeks into the diet I had lost three pounds and weighed 122, my lowest weight in more than a decade. Walford and Hibbs sailed the Caribbean for 18 months until their money ran out, at which point they resumed their professional careers. He believed that his rigorous diet, on which he consumed only 1,600 calories per day, extended his survival after the symptoms of the disease appeared several years ago. I began watching Iron Chef seated inches from the screen, pretending I was a judge and could taste each dish. Combine gently--best to use your hands to mix. For example: Cyclodextrins, which are polysaccharides (a modified starch) already used in the food industry, could prevent oxidation of resveratrol and make it more bio-available. (CRON followers were popping resveratrol supplements long before the recent news that this component of red wine might be a fountain of youth.) Are ,: However, I do not recommend these materials for use by the public | Food and Drink | Food & Wine", Eternity Soup: Inside the Quest to End Aging, "Roy Walford, 79; Linked Diet to Longevity", "Biography and CV of Roy L. Walford, M.D. Copper salad (really good!) He followed that spartan diet from then on. E 11 gm or 17% Over time, variations would include blue cheese, raisins and chopped walnuts, which can be added here alongside the celery and apples. We have baked tilapia, spinach with feta, teriyaki squash and eggplant, a fruit salad, a glass of wine, and a crustless pumpkin pie for dessert. View Recipe. Is it crazier than a world in which a drug company is looking to market a product to temporarily eliminate peoples sense of taste and smell so they will lose weight? I like to use a combination of mayo and sour cream in my Chicken Waldorf Salad. She joined the Calorie Restriction Society and wrote a computer program to track everything she ate and its nutritional value. [4], There is no experimental evidence that calorie restriction can slow biological aging in humans. I made it until 1:00 pm when, ravenous, I went to a Japanese restaurant and stuffed myself with sushi. 6.mg or 42% All contents Walford authored several books, and set out his dietary beliefs in the bestseller Beyond the 120-Year Diet. Calcium In Biosphere 2, the experiment in which Roy Walford and seven others lived in an enclosed, self-sustaining structure for two years, they were unable to produce the expected amount of food, putting them all on a calorie-restricted diet. dish Vit. Mono fat 21 But Walford and then-graduate student Rick Weindruch found that easing the animals into the diet over a two-month period allowed them to live at least 20% longer. The word on the dusty trail is you need to wear cargo chic this year. (Walford wrote that following his diet means you are holding something like four aces in the poker game with Death. But Death apparently is a pit boss who makes his own rules.) The rices can be added to the beans, or cooked separately. Fontana found that the CRON adherentsmany of whom, like Robinson, had been formerly pudgynow had arteries as efficient as fire hoses and blood pressure readings like those of 10-year-olds. ), Opinion: Will you need the latest COVID booster? The night before he died, he was working on it at his computer in his converted industrial-building home in Venice, his weakened arms held over the keyboard by pulleys, his daughter said. Cool and 4 mg or 52% After leaving Biosphere 2 in 1993 at the end of the experiment, Walford went back to UCLA to continue his research. Richards Walford themselves know this well. He was a pioneer in the scientific study of the aging process, someone who rather doggedly pursued it when it was not well-funded and not a particularly popular scientific discipline, said Dr. Alistair Cochran, a pathologist at UCLA. Phosphorus Mr. Tschirky, a Swiss immigrant who became known as "Oscar of the Waldorf," is credited with creating this piece of Americana in 1893, a timeless dish whose popularity has spread far past the Waldorf's exclusive doors and into home kitchens. Although he was an accomplished scientist with more than 330 scientific papers and eight books to his credit, Walford was probably better known for the two-year stint he spent with seven other adventurers in Biosphere 2, a self-contained human terrarium near Tucson. Add any Its a beach scene, and the blob in the black bathing suit is Robinson at 156 pounds. They came away with $42,000, which allowed them to purchase the yacht of their dreams. mailto:lisa@walford.com From Erica Kastner of Buttered Side Up. It has vastly improved her health. Add the celery, grapes, and nuts. Vit. Add the chickpeas. Jamie Olivers Waldorf: mmustardy, parsley-flecked, yoghurt-spiked Oliver tops his salad with blue cheese, which, though delicious, has no place in a Waldorf, but the dash of extra-virgin olive oil he uses to finish the dish inspires me to suggest a drizzle of walnut oil instead. Just throw all of the ingredients into a big bowl (mine should have been bigger). He was also compiling a documentary about Biosphere 2, editing the hours of video he recorded during the confinement. You can serve this on a bed of lettuce if you like, or just straight up! CRON was supposed to do much for me that it hasnt. Perfect Waldorf salad. [3] Their methods were also mentioned in the roulette book The Eudaemonic Pie by Thomas Bass. Drain excess liquid from the salsa in a strainer and blend together salsa, tomato paste, The portions are small and there are no seconds, but its a delicious and satisfying meal. Protein 41 %, 22 grms How to make a Waldorf salad just like the ones at the Waldorf. As my hunger increased, I felt as if I had unleashed my knish-wielding grandmother, who was screaming inside me, Eat! You may choose If you'd like, toss 1/4 cup of them in with the celery and apple. Watch online the 5 segments presented on their episode titled "Fat and Happy? In her own book The Longevity Diet, Lisa Walford, Roys daughter, lists her usual breakfast: four walnuts, six almonds, 10 peanuts. Riboflavin At the Indian restaurant that night, I couldnt stop myselfI took seconds and thirds of lamb chops, roti, saag paneer. Or you may grate the raw sweet potato directly I, however, have never made it to synagogue without eating a little something for breakfast. He shaved his head, sported a Salvador Dali mustache and rode a motorcycle, once breaking his leg while attempting a wheelie on Santa Monica Boulevard. C To put this in perspective, Spanish authorities banned from the runway models with BMIs of less that 18. Toast the walnuts in a dry frying pan until fragrant, then set aside to cool. Add the diced apples to a large mixing bowl and sprinkle with the sugar and lemon juice. 7. mg or 46% 2.9 mg or 94% "[5] Incorporated in California as Gerontix, the company was to sell supplements intended to improve health and increase life span. Roy Walford: Not the Same Old Story. So I find it useful to punctuate time with dangerous and eccentric activities.. Despite the potential for trademark conflict, the Gerontix group elected to proceed with plans to use the brand name MaxiLife. It was expected that Walford, a highly publicized researcher, would experience the same success as Pearson and Shaw. The next-oldest was 40, and the rest were about 30. 1.7 gm or 9% The diet preserved both physical health and mental agility. and cut into bite size peices (this makes the broccoli stalk tender). ", UCLA In Memoriam, Roy Walford, M.D. tribute page, retrieved September 28, 2005, Index of topics related to life extension, Strategies for engineered negligible senescence, Lifespan: Why We Age and Why We Don't Have To, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roy_Walford&oldid=1146656177, Controlled ecological life support systems, Neurological disease deaths in California, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Director of the Blood Bank and of the Hematology Division of the Clinical Laboratories (19591980), Director of the School of Medical Technology (19621972), Chairman of the Vivarium Committee (19651968), Levine Award of the American Society of Clinical Pathology, Research Award of the American Aging Association, Kleemeier Award from the Gerontological Society of America, Henderson Award from the American Geriatrics Society, Asteroid #4629 was named after him by its discoverer (E. Helene) in 1986, This page was last edited on 26 March 2023, at 05:54. You may bake the sweet potato for 35 minutes at 350 degrees. nutrient value). In 1981, Walford began a commercial collaboration with fellow researchers Richard Weindruch and Kathleen Yankee Hall, and her husband William Hall, a wealthy businessman. I decided to try CRON for two months, but its past that now and Im still avoiding seconds and skipping my late-night snack. [7][8], The writer Christopher Turner in The Telegraph reported that Walford claimed that the diet "will retard your rate of ageing, extend lifespan (up to perhaps 150 to 160 years, depending on when you start and how thoroughly you hold to it), and markedly decrease susceptibility to most major diseases. Login to Save. An update on calorie restriction", "The Secret to a Longer Life? She has enjoyed being in the kitchen as far back as she can remember. Taste and adjust the seasoning to your liking. Most days no one gets near you. I decided to try it on day 37. .70 mg or 54% Drain, cool, The sour cream adds a bright, tangy flavor. And throughout the day, for energy, for comfort, for distraction, I want to eat Trader Joes chocolate-covered ginger balls. I joined the 2,400-member on-line support group of the Calorie Restriction Society. I would rather have carrot soup and kale for dinner than a hamburger and French fries. In the early 1980s a French ngociant who had sold them a great whack of 1982s went bust so they had to go back to the market to replace them. The review observed that one outcome had been the development of calorie restriction mimetic drugs which would be tested in clinical trials on humans. As a teenager, she became interested in the nutritional aspect of food and began experimenting with adapting recipes to make them healthier. I still have no desire to hang around long enough for my now 11-year-old daughter to collect Social Security. into the Healthy Waldorf Salad is made low calorie with a creamy, lemon Greek yogurt sauce with no added sugar and no mayo. 2023 THis really cuts down on cooking. In Human Guinea Pig I try out activities that you dont have the gallor in this case, the self-restraintto do yourself. Here is a WebRoy Walford, a physician and scientist who pioneered research on the anti-aging effects of caloric restriction and subjected himself to a low-energy diet, recently died from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Add the lentils and rices and continue to cook for an to double the In a large salad bowl, combine all vegetables. It should not be considered a substitute for a professional nutritionists advice. Discard soak water. 2 gm or 30% 16% We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Analyzing roulette wheels, they found that each had its own idiosyncrasy, with certain numbers appearing more often than others. The man was Dr. Roy Walford, a UCLA pathologist who is largely responsible for creating the modern science of life extension through food reduction. Will it help me live to 12 Mono. He had me all over New York and in Dallas for just the right production shots." Roy Walford promised I wouldnt be as hungry as I would have imagined, but at week three, I was hungrier than ever. 1. Listen to the author reading this story here, or sign up for Slates free daily podcast on iTunes. Looking alarming is a hazard for the extreme CRON followerthe skin of Lisa Walfords face seems to ripple over her bones. Chop the egg and add to the veggies. Sodium Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Would you be willing to give it another try? Twin Laboratories brought suit against Gerontix for trademark infringement, and the court issued a summary judgement in favor of Twin Laboratories on February 13, 1984. For one thing, each year on Yom Kippur, the day of atonement, Jews fast from sundown to sundown. additional Vit E 45% B12 When I want a sweeter taste, I use whipped cream instead of yogurt. pieces. add fresh Biosphere 2 -- biosphere 1 being the Earth itself -- was a $150-million, 3-acre, glass-enclosed structure built to determine whether humans could live in a self-sustaining environment on another planet, such as Mars. Wendy Masters, East Garafraxa, Ontario, Simple Waldorf Salad Recipe photo by Taste of Home. can add the In his book Beyond the 120 Year Diet, Walford describes a typical dinner: a salad with lentils, brown rice, and bulgur; one stalk of broccoli; one glass of skim milk. When experimenters abruptly switched mice to a low-calorie diet, the animals suffered a variety of adverse effects and their life spans were usually shortened dramatically. [6], Walford was one of the eight crew members who were sealed inside Biosphere 2 where they lived from September 26, 1991 to September 26, 1993.
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